TechTrek: Exploring Computer World: End User Application -My Assighment

INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTING/

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Assignment

TASK 02		Allocated Marks	Given Marks
2.1	What is a word processor? Name some popular word processors?	15
2.2	Discuss the various display views available in Word	20
2.3	What are the steps to save the document with protection?	20
2.4	What are the basic steps for printing a document? Also explain how to protect documents	25
2.5	How to insert the document creation, last printed, last saved date and time?	20
Total		100

TASK 03		Allocated Marks	Given Marks
3.1	Explain the use of Mail merge	35
3.2	How to create Mail merge to sent invitation for 10 persons with merge fields are Title, Initial, Name, Organization, Street Name and City ? Write down the steps clearly.	65
Total		100

TASK 04		Allocated Marks	Given Marks
4.1	List out the features and the things you can do using PowerPoint?	20
4.2	What are the advantages of PowerPoint over the other presentation methods?	20
4.3	What is Transitions and how do you add transitions to a slide show?	10
4.4	What is the difference between Animation and Transition? Which view can be used to insert and test the: 1. Animation effects and 2. Transition effects	30
4.5	Name any two view options available in PowerPoint. Discuss the given options	20
Total		100

TASK 05		Allocated Marks	Given Marks
5.1	What is Microsoft Access and give Some examples of commonly used databases	10
5.2	Briefly explain the difference between Manual File System & Database Management System	20
5.3	Explain the main objects of Access Database.	15
5.4	Explain the importance of create relationship between tables	15
5.5	Assume that you are creating a database table to hold the information of the Items in the Super market. Write down the dada type suitable to hold the following information: a) Item Number b) Item Description c) Unit Price d) Stock Balance e) Reorder Level f) Store Location	30
5.6	Name a suitable field as the primary key in the above table and explain why you selected this field for the primary key	10
Total		100

TASK 06		Allocated Marks	Given Marks
6.1	How do you add a new e-mail account in MS Outlook 2007	20
6.2	What are the configuration required for Outlook to manage multiple e-mail accounts	20
6.3	Write down the steps to search particular subject in email.	20
6.4	Write down the steps to add new fields to view	20
6.5	How do you create a New Contact and add in group’s list	20
Total		100

TASK 07		Allocated Marks	Given Marks
7.1	Explain what is user interface design and the summary of principles for user interface design	25
7.2	What is the use of sitemap of the web site?	35
7.3	Use a template to create a webpage using tables to organize the Title, Links, and Context	40
Total		100

TASK 08		Allocated Marks	Given Marks
8.1	Create a page with a 1 row, 3 column table to hold three pictures of graphics	30
8.2	List down & briefly explain about some creative things that can be included in web sites	25
8.3	List down & briefly explain what things that has to be avoided when designing web pages	25
8.4	There are many things that need to be taken into account before you begin to create html documents. List some of those with brief introductions.	20
Total		100

TASK01

T01.1

T01.5 Create formulas to display a VAT Amount for each Item Name by using formula

Vat Amount = Totl Amount * Vat%

Ex :- E13 * 15%

T01.6 Create formulas to display a Gross Amount for each Item.

Gross Amount = Total Amout *Vat%

EX :- E12 * F12

T01.7 Create formulas to display a Discount Amount for each Item.

Discount = Quantity * Discount price

Ex :- (Key board) D12* B6

(mouse) D13*C 6

( Pen drive) D14 *D6

T01.8 Create formulas to display a Net Amount for each Item.

Net Amount = Gross Amount *Discount price

EX:- G12 *H12

T01.9 Create formulas to display a Total of Columns Quantity, Total Amount, VAT Amount, Gross Amount, Discount Amount and Net Amount

=SUM (E12 :E21)

Ex:- e12+e13+e14+e15+e16+e17+e18+e19+e20

T01.10 Extract all the Items which a item ‘Keyboard’.

Sale the Report For the month of March
Item Name
		Keyboard		Mouse	Pendrive
Discount A		100		150	200

Vat 15%

Costomer code		Item Name		Unit Price	Quantity	Total Amount		Vat Amount		Groos Amount		Discount Amount		Net Amount

A1001		Keyboard		250	35	$8,750.00		$1,312.50
A1002		Mouse		250	12	$3,000.00		$450.00
A1003		Pendrive		500	8	$4,000.00		$600.00
A1004		Keyboard		1000	15	$15,000.00		$2,250.00
A1005		Mouse		250	15	$3,750.00		$562.50
A1006		Pendrive		1000	30	$30,000.00		$4,500.00
A1007		Pendrive		1000	10	$10,000.00		$1,500.00
A1008		Keyboard		250	25	$6,250.00		$937.50
A1009		Mouse		250	50	$12,500.00		$1,875.00

Total					200	$93,250.00		$13,987.50

Sale the Report For the month of March
Item Name
	Keyboard		Mouse		Pendrive
Discount A	100		150		200

Vat 15%

Costomer code	Item Name		Unit Price		Quantity		Total Amount		Vat Amount		Groos Amount		Discount Amount		Net Amount

A1001	Keyboard		250		35		$8,750.00		$1,312.50		$10,062.50
A1002	Mouse		250		12		$3,000.00		$450.00		$3,450.00
A1003	Pendrive		500		8		$4,000.00		$600.00		$4,600.00
A1004	Keyboard		1000		15		$15,000.00		$2,250.00		$17,250.00
A1005	Mouse		250		15		$3,750.00		$562.50		$4,312.50
A1006	Pendrive		1000		30		$30,000.00		$4,500.00		$34,500.00
A1007	Pendrive		1000		10		$10,000.00		$1,500.00		$11,500.00
A1008	Keyboard		250		25		$6,250.00		$937.50		$7,187.50
A1009	Mouse		250		50		$12,500.00		$1,875.00		$14,375.00

Total					200		$93,250.00		$13,987.50		$107,237.50

Sale the Report For the month of March
Item Name
Item Name	Keyboard	Mouse	Pendrive
Discount A	100	150	200

Vat 15%

Costomer code	Item Name	Unit Price	Quantity	Total Amount	Vat Amount	Groos Amount	Discount Amount	Net Amount
Costomer code	Item Name	Unit Price	Quantity	Total Amount	Vat Amount	Groos Amount	Discount Amount	Net Amount
A1001	Keyboard	250	35	$8,750.00	$1,312.50	$10,062.50	$3,500.00
A1002	Mouse	250	12	$3,000.00	$450.00	$3,450.00	$1,800.00
A1003	Pendrive	500	8	$4,000.00	$600.00	$4,600.00	$1,600.00
A1004	Keyboard	1000	15	$15,000.00	$2,250.00	$17,250.00	$1,500.00
A1005	Mouse	250	15	$3,750.00	$562.50	$4,312.50	$2,250.00
A1006	Pendrive	1000	30	$30,000.00	$4,500.00	$34,500.00	$6,000.00
A1007	Pendrive	1000	10	$10,000.00	$1,500.00	$11,500.00	$2,000.00
A1008	Keyboard	250	25	$6,250.00	$937.50	$7,187.50	$2,500.00
A1009	Mouse	250	50	$12,500.00	$1,875.00	$14,375.00	$7,500.00

Total			200	$93,250.00	$13,987.50	$107,237.50	$28,650.00

Pen drav

ive

keyboard

Mouse

TASK02

T2.1 What is a word processor? Name some popular word processors?

A word processor is an electronic device or computer software application that, as directed by the user, performs word processing: the composition, editing, formatting and sometimes printing of any sort of written material.

v Microsoft office word

v Microsoft office one note

v Acrobat.com

v Foxit reader

v Open office.org

v Word pad

v Not pad

T2.2 Discuss the various display views available in Word

Print Layout View

Print Layout view is the common view in Word. This view shows the document as it would appear on paper after printing. Elements such as color, font, header, footer, columns and breaks appear in this view. When closing other views, this is the view the document will return to.

Full Screen Reading View

The Full Screen Reading view is designed for reading the document. It may not allow for typing or general editing of the document unless you change options in the "View Options" drop-down menu. Full-screen view will allow actions that are similar to actions that are carried out when reading a textbook such as highlighting words, adding comments, finding words or phrases and temporarily making the words larger for easier reading.

Web Layout View

The Web Layout view is a view of the document as it would appear if published directly to the web. "Dead space" around the document page is removed. Elements such as the left margin ruler, headers, footers, and watermark do not show in this view.

Outline View

To view sections of the document with bullet points, Outline View is the best selection. Most document elements disappear temporarily while this view is active and each paragraph is positioned behind a bullet point. Document comment numbers appear, but not the comment itself. Highlighting also appears in this view. Levels of bullet points can be moved up and down, formatted and searched upon easily.

Draft View

Draft view also hides most document elements. This is for quick and easy edits of wording without the distraction of background colors, borders, headers or footers. The left ruler bar disappears, but the top will remain. Highlighting will show in this view.

Print Preview

Print Preview allows you to see what your document pages as they would appear on a printed page, which is frequently useful when you're laying out resumes, letters or manuscripts.

T2.3 What are the steps to save the document with protection?

You can use document protection to restrict the types of changes reviewers can make to your document.

Steps are,

Click the Word menu. This is located in the top-left corner, between the Apple menu and the File menu. Select Preferences.

Click Security. This can be found under the Personal Settings section. This will open the Security window.

Create your password. In the “Password to open” field, type in your password and then click OK. You will be asked to reenter your password to confirm it. You will not be able to retrieve this password if you forget it, so write it down in a safe location.

In order for the password to take effect, you must save the file.

Remove your password. If you want to remove your password, open the document and click the Word menu again. Select Preferences and then click Security. There will be a password in the box, delete it and press OK.

T2.4 What are the basic steps for printing a document? Also explain how to protect documents

In the previous lessons, we became familiar with the new interface of MicrosoftWord 2007. We also learned how to create, open and save document and the options involved. Today we are going to discuss about printing. It’s really simple to configure printing options in Microsoft Word 2007. We can print an open document by going to office button –> Print. There are three options in Print Menu.

1- Print – If you select the first option, which is print, it will give you the print dialog where you can configure different options. We will see that in detail later.

2- Quick Print – If you select quick print, it will just use the default settings and will print the document directly. It will not ask you of any configuration settings. So if you have configured your printing settings, then you can easily print using Quick Print option as it will be faster.

3- Print Preview – Print preview will give you

the view of how the document will look like after it has been printed on the paper. So by previewing your document, you can make sure everything is according to what you’re expecting.

In print preview, you can change the margins and orientation of the page to be printed. And you can select the paper being used for printing i.e. whether you’re using A4 size paper or a letter or an envelope etc.

Printing Settings 1:

You can change the print settings by going to office button –> Word Options –> Advanced.

In advanced, find the Print heading.

Print Settings 2:

Now we come back to our first point i.e, the print. So we want to print a document and we want to configure some printer settings. We can do this by going to office button –> Print –> Print. This will show you a dialog box which has got lots of options.

From this dialog, we can select the printer from which we want to print the document, which pages we want to print (whether some pages or all of ‘em). We can also specify what we want to print, whether the document itself or we can also print the document properties.

Shortcut: The shortcut for bringing the Print Settings is Ctrl – P.

T2.5 How to insert the document creation, last printed, last saved date and time?

When you have a document up on your network that several users have access to, it is nice to know the time and date it is modified. For instance if there is an interoffice group project, team leaders can keep track of when a document is created, printed, or last saved.

In the document place the cursor where you want the date and time to be inserted. Then choose the Insert tab and click on Quick Parts Field.

When the Field box opens select Date and Time from the Categories drop down box.

Next, select which field name you want to appear in the document.

Finally we want to choose the format for the date and/or time. This is done under Field Properties.

In the example below I placed the fields at the end of the document. So I needed to go through the above process twice. Once for the Print Date and a second time for the Save Date. The fields now will update automatically every time a person prints the document or Saves it.

TASK3

3.1 Explain the use of Mail merge

Introduction

Mail Merge is a useful tool that will allow you to easily produce multiple letters, labels, envelopes, and more using information stored in a list, database, or spreadsheet. In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Mail Merge Wizard to create a data source and a form letter, and explore other wizard features. Additionally, you will learn how to use the Ribbon commands to access mail merge tools outside of the wizard.

Mail Merge

To use Mail Merge:

· Select the Mailings on the Ribbon.

· Select the Start Mail Merge command.

· Select Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard.

The Mail Merge task pane appears and will guide you through the six main steps to complete a mail merge. You will have many decisions to make during the process. The following is an example of how to create a form letter and merge the letter with a data list.

Steps 1-3

· Choose the type of document you wish to create. In this example, select Letters.

· Click Next:Starting document to move to Step 2.

· Select Use the current document.

· Click Next:Select recipients to move to Step 3.

· Select the Type a new list button.

· Click Create to create a data source. The New Address List dialog box appears.

o Click Customize in the dialog box. The Customize Address List dialog box appears.

o Select any field you do not need, and click Delete.

o Click Yes to confirm that you wish to delete the field.

o Continue to delete any unnecessary fields.

o Click Add. The Add Field dialog box appears.

o Enter the new field name.

o Click OK.

o Continue to add any fields necessary.

o Click OK to close the Customize Address List dialog box.

To customize the new address list:

o Enter the necessary data in the New Address List dialog box.

o Click New Entry to enter another record.

o Click Close when you have entered all of your data records.

o Enter the file name you wish to save the data list as.

o Choose the location where you wish to save the file.

o Click Save. The Mail Merge Recipients dialog box appears and displays all of the data records in the list.

o Confirm the data list is correct, and click OK.

o Click Next:Write your letter to move to Step 4.

Steps 4-6

· Write a letter in the current Word document, or use an open existing document.

To insert recipient data from the list:

o Place the insertion point in the document where you wish the information to appear.

o Select Address block, Greeting line, or Electronic postage from the task pane. A dialog box with options will appear based on your selection.

o Select More Items. The Insert Merge Field dialog box will appear.

o Select the field you would like to insert in the document.

o Click Insert. Notice that a placeholder appears where information from the data record will eventually appear.

o Repeat these steps each time you need to enter information from your data record.

· Click Next: Preview your letters in the task pane once you have completed your letter.

· Preview the letters to make sure the information from the data record appears correctly in the letter.

· Click Next: Complete the merge.

· Click Print to print the letters.

· Click All.

· Click OK in the Merge to Printer dialog box.

· Click OK to send the letters to the printer.

The Mail Merge Wizard allows you to complete the mail merge process in a variety of ways. The best way to learn how to use the different functions in Mail Merge is to try to develop several of the different documents—letters, labels, and envelopes—using the different types of data sources.

T3.3 How to create Mail merge to sent invitation for 10 persons with merge fields are Title, Initial, Name, Organization, Street Name and City ?

Write down the steps clearly.

First type the invitation in the word.

Then select Mailings tab, then select Start Mail Merge and select Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard

Then a Mail Merge Side Bar will open, select letters and click Next: Starting Document

Then select use the current document and click Next.

Then select Type a new list and select create. Then customize the columns and fill the columns and click OK

Then you will ask to save that address list. Save the address list by giving a name.

Then select Use an existing list, then click Edit recipient list…

Then select the 10 persons and select OK. Click Next.

Then write your letter and click Next.

Then Preview your letters and click Next

Then complete the Merge by Printing or editing individual letters.

TASK04

T4.1 List out the features and the things you can do using PowerPoint?

*.Picture effects

*.Text effects

*.Shape styles and shape effects

*.Can save as PDF and XPS

*.Better tables

*.Selection and visibility task pane

*.Custom slide layouts-Can add our own place holders

*.Create layouts from them and save and distribute these within templates and themes.

*.Interface-The interface has been entirely revamped for Power Point

*.Office Themes-Probably, the most powerful new feature in power point, office theme

*.work in Word and Excel as well.

*.make photo albums.

*.preview the presentation.

*. clip arts, charts, tables etc.

*.movies, pictures and sound effects.

T4.2 What are the advantages of PowerPoint over the other presentation methods?

PowerPoint is good ways to effectively get across short bullet points of information. They're good base points for a presentation to remind you of what you need to say. They look good visually; can be easily read if you have a big enough projectors and you only need one of them. If you used leaflets in a presentation you'd be wasting paper and ink, power points, although they use electricity are more of an environmentally friendly way of presenting things. Also, they're useful because you can add sound and videos to them which will captivate the viewer’s attention. Plus, they're quick to make and you have as much information on them as you want because you can add lots of slides. They're convenient and easy to transport because you can put them onto a memory stick and then onto your chosen computer.

Using PowerPoint over the other presentation methods it is very easy to use.
In PowerPoint we can add graphics, text, images, audio, video and animation with just a few clicks and keystrokes.
We can edit the information on the finished slides also.
It saves the time.
It has the ability to create a handout version of your PowerPoint presentation.
PowerPoint presentations can be shared with anyone from via e-mail.
It doesn’t need chalks, backboards or anything to present the presentation.
Not like paperwork, presentation can be stored for a long period of time.
Can easily input images.
Templates are built in for different appearances.
Can add notes pages.
Can easily add media and recoding.
More exciting than the simple word or handwritten presentation.
Low Cost.

T4.3 What is Transitions and how do you add transitions to a slide show?

1 step – Select Transitions tab

2 step – Select a transition that you want

1.4 What is the difference between Animation and Transition? Which view can be used to insert and test

1. Animation effects and

2. Transition effects

Transition are the animation effect that are applied to whole slide where as animation

Effects are applied to objects on a slide. For a slide you can have only one transition effect

While each object on the slide can have multiple animation effects.

Transition effects appear in Power point slide show view when slides change form one

To the next Like animation effects we can control the speed of each slide transition effaced

we can also add music or sound.

T4.4 What is the difference between Animation and Transition? Which view can be used to insert and test the:

1. Animation effects and

2. Transition effects

1) Animation effects allows you to put slide elements, such as text, graphics, pictures. They are use within a slide. They are used to Entrance, Emphasis and Exit the text or graphics. Some examples are Fading, Fly In, Float in etc.

2) Transition effects are occur between each slide. Some of such effects are Wipe, Flash, Dissolve, Split, Revolve etc.

A.Normal view can be used to insert and test the Animation effects.

B.Slide Sorter view can be used to insert and test the Transition effects.

T4.5 Name any two view options available in PowerPoint. Discuss the given options

Slide Sorter view displays thumbnail sized representations of all slides in your presentation. This works best when you have to select multiple slides before you apply a transition or automatic timing to the slide. This view also allows you to quickly reorder, delete, or duplicate your slides. In addition, this view displays hidden slides.

A transition effect is a special effect used to introduce a slide during a slide show. For example, you can play a sound when the slide appears, or you can make the slide fade in from black. Apply a transition effect to a single slide to add emphasis, or add the transition to every slide. For example, in a self-running presentation that people click through themselves, using the same transition effect on every slide gives your presentation a polished look.

Here is an example of the Cover Down transition effect:

To set transition effects for a single slide or for all slides in a presentation

On the Slide Show menu, click Slide Transition.
In the Effect box, click the transition you want.

To apply the transition to the selected slide, click Apply.

· To apply the transition to all the slides, click Apply All.

Normal View

It allows you to view your slides in different ways which makes it easier to arrange the

Slides.

Slide Sorter

In the slide sorter view you will be able to see all the slides you have made for that

PowerPoint and have to ability to move them around.

TASK05

T5.1 What is Microsoft Access and give Some examples of commonly used databases

Microsoft Access has been around for some time, yet people often still ask me what is Microsoft Access and what does it do? Microsoft Access is a part of the Microsoft Office Suite. It does not come with all versions of Microsoft Office, so if you specifically want Microsoft Access make sure the office suite you are purchasing has it.

Microsoft Access has the look and feel of other Microsoft Office products, including its layout and navigational aspects. That is where the similarity ends. Microsoft® Access is a database and, more specifically, a relational database. This will be explained in more detail later.

Access has an .mdb extension by default, whereas Microsoft® Word has the .doc extension. Although this has changed in Access 2007 where the extension is now an accdb extension. Early versions of Access cannot read accdb extensions but Microsoft Access 2007 can read and change earlier versions of Access. The above is a bried overview of what is MicrosoftAccess. Now lets look at it in a bit more detail.

What is Microsoft Access made up of?

The Microsoft Access Database is made up of 7 major components:

· Tables;

· Relationships;

· Queries;

· Forms;

· Reports;

· Macros;

· Modules.

The following gives a quick overview of each component.

Tables

The tables are the backbone and the storage container of the data entered into the database. If the tables are not set up correctly, with the correct relationships, then the database may be slow, give you the wrong results or not react the way you expect. So, take a bit of time when setting up your tables.

Queries, forms, etc. are usually based on a table.

The tables that contain data look a bit like a table in Spreadsheet, when opened. They have columns and rows as does a table inExcel worksheet. Each of the columns will have a field name at the top and each of the rows will represent a record.

As an example:

Relationships

Relationships are the bonds you build between the tables. They join tables that have associated elements. To do this there is a field in each table, which is linked to each other, and have the same values.

Queries

Are the means of manipulating the data to display in a form or a report. Queries can sort, calculate, group, filter, join tables, update data, delete data, etc. Their power is immense. The Microsoft® Access database query language is SQL . The need to know SQL is not required in the early stages of learning Access. Microsoft® Access writes the SQL for you, after you tell it what you want, in the Design view of the queries window.

Forms

Forms are the primary interface through which the users of the database enter data. The person who enters the data will interact with forms regularly. The programmer can set the forms to show only the data required. By using queries, properties, macros and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), the ability to add, edit and delete data can also be set. Forms can be set up and developed to reflect the use they will be required for.

Reports

Reports are the results of the manipulation of the data you have entered into the database. Unlike forms, they cannot be edited. Reports are intended to be used to output data to another device or application, i.e. printer, fax, Microsoft® Word or Microsoft® Excel.

Macros

Macros are an automatic way for Access to carry out a series of actions for the database. Access gives you a selection of actions that are carried out in the order you enter. Macros can open forms; run queries, change values of a field, run other Macros, etc. the list is almost endless.

Modules

Modules are the basis of the programming language that supports Microsoft® Access, The module window is where you can write and store Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Advanced users of Microsoft® Access tend to use VBA instead of Macros. If you would like to learn VBA, I have a simple step by step lessons.

T5.2 Briefly explain the difference between Manual File System & Database Management System.

File System

1. Files act locally where as DBMS saves directly in a database

2. Saves in temporary locations where as DBMS in well arranged and permanent data base locations

3. In File Sys., transactions are not possible where as various transactions like insert,delete,view,updating etc r possible in DBMS

4. Data will be accessed through single or various files where as in DBMS, tables (schema)is used to access data

5. A "File manager" is used to store all relationships in directories in File Systems where as a data base manager (administrator) stores the relationship in form of structural tables

6. Last.... but not the least.... Data in data bases are more secure compared to data in files!!Hope this thing is use ful to one and all!! :) :) ;) file system is the method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them whereas data base system is a computer software that manages databases. source: wikipediai also want to know about filebased management system and databasemanagement system pls tell me plsA computerized database is stored in a computer and is very fast at organizing information, and grouping related data. A manual database is like a filing cabinet, slow and clumsy, and you can lose records down the back. Data can only be found quickly on one bit of data, for example 'Name' as that will be the only bit visible in the filing cabinet - to find anything else you need to manual go through each and every file in the cabinet. File system is a system , that collecting a data or files and stored in physical location like hard disk or cd-rom. And datadase system is an integrated logically-realted-data or records in a common pool from where , multiple users could fetch the data.File systems are containers of collections. Collections are commonly called directories, and they contains a set of data units commonly called files. All database architectures provide structures and methods to organise data (called rows) into collections (called Tables) that can be updated. Databases have the ability to commit a set of data changes as one logical unit, and have many users doing this concurrently. The main difference is that filesystems are the layer underneath a database. The database system is an application and a set of database files. The database files are part of the file system container.

Database Management System.

1, A database is an integrated collection of logically related records or files consolidated into a common pool that provides data for one or multiple uses. A file is a package of information with a name attached to it.

2, Databases are basically meant to fragment data into relations store then so that conditioned retrieval is fast and easy. A file is just for mas storage for future use. Here the conditioned retrieval is not a significant factor.

3, To handle small data sets, file is more efficient than database; that is, consider the stats below, Test done in a machine (single PC) Test without condition! Test with condition where names start with 'A'! File operation was faster Database operation was faster (I am not including the actual time measured ) For simple operations, read, wright, file operations are faster and simple. But the area where database is of real use is when there is a conditional retrieval of data.

4, Database is real gift in area's where we need to have bulk data (including multimedia) and which includes conditional retrieval. For file operations there are very very tedious operations which involves large processing time.

T5.3 Explain the main objects of Access Database.

The parts of an Access database

The following sections are short descriptions of the parts of a typical Access database. To learn more about each part, follow the links in the See Also section of this article.

Tables

Forms

Reports

Queries

Macros

Modules

Tables

A database table is similar in appearance to a spreadsheet, in that data is stored in rows and columns. As a result, it is usually quite easy to import a spreadsheet into a database table. The main difference between storing your data in a spreadsheet and storing it in a database is in how the data is organized.

To get the most flexibility out of a database, the data needs to be organized into tables so that redundancies don't occur. For example, if you're storing information about employees, each employee should only need to be entered once in a table that is set up just to hold employee data. Data about products will be stored in its own table, and data about branch offices will be stored in another table. This process is called normalization.

Forms

Forms allow you to create a user interface in which you can enter and edit your data. Forms often contain command buttons and other controls that perform various tasks. You can create a database without using forms by simply editing your data in the table datasheets. However, most database users prefer to use forms for viewing, entering, and editing data in the tables.

You can program command buttons to determine which data appears on the form, open other forms or reports, or perform a variety of other tasks. For example, you might have a form named "Customer Form" in which you work with customer data. The customer form might have a button which opens an order form where you can enter a new order for that customer.

Reports

Reports are what you use to format, summarize and present data. A report usually answers a specific question, such as "How much money did we receive from each customer this year?" or "What cities are our customers located in?" Each report can be formatted to present the information in the most readable way possible.

A report can be run at any time, and will always reflect the current data in the database. Reports are generally formatted to be printed out, but they can also be viewed on the screen, exported to another program, or sent as an attachment to an e-mail message.

Queries

Queries can perform many different functions in a database. Their most common function is to retrieve specific data from the tables. The data you want to see is usually spread across several tables, and queries allow you to view it in a single datasheet. Also, since you usually don't want to see all the records at once, queries let you add criteria to "filter" the data down to just the records you want.

Certain queries are "updateable," meaning you can edit the data in the underlying tables via the query datasheet. If you are working in an updateable query, remember that your changes are actually being made in the tables, not just in the query datasheet.

Queries come in two basic varieties: select queries and action queries. A select query simply retrieves the data and makes it available for use. You can view the results of the query on the screen, print it out, or copy it to the clipboard. Or, you can use the output of the query as the record source for a form or repor

Macros

Macros in Access can be thought of as a simplified programming language which you can use to add functionality to your database. For example, you can attach a macro to a command button on a form so that the macro runs whenever the button is clicked. Macros contain actions that perform tasks, such as opening a report, running a query, or closing the database. Most database operations that you do manually can be automated by using macros, so they can be great time-saving devices.

Modules

Modules, like macros, are objects you can use to add functionality to your database. Whereas you create macros in Access by choosing from a list of macro actions, you write modules in the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming language. A module is a collection of declarations, statements, and procedures that are stored together as a unit. A module can be either a class module or a standard module. Class modules are attached to forms or reports, and usually contain procedures that are specific to the form or report they're attached to. Standard modules contain general procedures that aren't associated with any other object. Standard modules are listed under Modules in the Navigation Pane, whereas class modules are not.

T5.4 Explain the importance of create relationship between tables

A hefty part of designing a relational database is dividing the data elements into related tables. Once you're ready to start working with the data, you rely on relationships between the tables to pull the data together in meaningful ways. For instance, order information is useless unless you know which customer placed a particular order. By now, you probably realize that you don'tstore customer and order information in the same table. Instead, you store order and customer data in two related tables and then use a relationship between the two tables to view each order and its corresponding customer information at the same time. If normalized tables are a relational database's foundation, then relationships are the cornerstone.

Starting point

The following data is used for demonstration in this article. The process of normalizing the data through Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) produced seven related tables:

Books: {Title*, ISBN, Price}

Authors: {FirstName*, LastName*}

ZIPCodes: {ZIPCode*}

Categories: {Category*, Description}

Publishers: {Publisher*}

States: {State*}

Cities: {City*}

Now it's time to establish just how those tables are related to one another.

Relationship types

You share many relationships with members of your family. For instance, you and your mother are related. You have only one mother, but she may have several children. You and your siblings are related—you may have many brothers and sisters and, of course, they'll have many brothers and sisters as well. If you're married, both you and your spouse have a spouse—each other—but only one at a time. Database relationships are very similar in that they're associations between tables. There are three types of relationships:

· One-to-one: Both tables can have only one record on either side of the relationship. Each primary key value relates to only one (or no) record in the related table. They're like spouses—you may or may not be married, but if you are, both you and your spouse have only one spouse. Most one-to-one relationships are forced by business rules and don't flow naturally from the data. In the absence of such a rule, you can usually combine both tables into one table without breaking any normalization rules.

· One-to-many: The primary key table contains only one record that relates to none, one, or many records in the related table. This relationship is similar to the one between you and a parent. You have only one mother, but your mother may have several children.

· Many-to-many: Each record in both tables can relate to any number of records (or no records) in the other table. For instance, if you have several siblings, so do your siblings (have many siblings). Many-to-many relationships require a third table, known as an associate or linking table, because relational systems can't directly accommodate the relationship.

Establishing relationships

By the time you get around to establishing relationships between the related tables, you'll probably be very familiar with the data. Consequently, associations are more obvious at this point than when you started. Your database system relies on matching values found in both tables to form relationships. When a match is found, the system pulls the data from both tables to create a virtual record. For instance, you might want to see all the books written by a particular author. In this case, the system would match values between the Books and the Authors tables. It's important to remember that most of the time, the resulting record is dynamic, which means any change made to the virtual record will usually work its way back to the underlying table.

Those matching values are the primary and foreign key values. (The relational model doesn't require that a relationship be based on a primary key. You can use any candidate key in the table, but using the primary key is the accepted standard.) You learned about primary keys in Part 2—a primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table. A foreign key is, simply put, one table's primary key in another table. As such, there's not much for you to do—simply add the primary key field to the related table, as a foreign key.

The only consideration is that a foreign key field must be of the same data type as the primary key. Some systems allow one exception to this rule and will allow a relationship between a number and an autonumbering field (such as AutoNumber in Access of Identity in SQL Server). In addition, foreign key values can be Null, although the recommendation is that you not leave a foreign key Null without a very specific reason to do so. Chances are you may never work with a database that requires this capability.

· Books are related to categories.

· Books are related to publishers.

· Books are related to authors.

· Authors are related to ZIP codes.

· ZIP codes are related to cities.

· Cities are related to states.

This particular step isn't written in stone, and you may find it easier to add foreign keys during the normalization process. When you move a field to a new table, you'll probably add that new table's primary key to the original table as a foreign key. However, often the foreign keys change as you continue to normalize the remaining data. You may find it more efficient to do them all at once after all the tables are completely normalized.

Let's work through each of the tables one at a time, beginning with the Books table, which at this point has just three fields. Specifically, add the primary keys from the Authors, Categories, and Publishers tables to Books. When you've finished, the Books table has seven fields:

Books

Title (PK)

ISBN (PK)

Price

FirstNameFK (FK) Authors.FirstName many-to-many

LastNameFK (FK) Authors.LastName many-to-many

CategoryFK (FK) Categories.Category many-to-many

PublisherFK (FK) Publishers.Publisher one-to-many

Remember, the primary key in the Authors table is a complex key based on both the first and last name fields. Therefore, you must add both fields to the Books table. Notice that the foreign key field names include a FK suffix. Adding the suffix improves readability and is self-documenting. You may find it easier to track foreign keys if you identify them this way in their name. It's all right if the primary and foreign keys don't have the same name.

There are three relationships present: Books to Authors, Books to Categories, and Books to Publishers. What might not be as apparent to you are the problems with two of these relationships:

· Books to Authors: A book can have more than one author.

· Books to Categories: A book can have more than one category.

These two relationships represent many-to-many relationships. Earlier, we told you that tables can't directly accommodate these relationships and require a third linking table. (The Books to Publishers relationship is a one-to-many and is fine just as it's currently stated.)

Both of the newly discovered many-to-many relationships will require a linking table that contains the primary key from each table, as a foreign key. The new linking tables are:

Figure A

The original table now requires nine tables.

As a result of the sample's simplicity, you might be wondering just how this relational business helps. It seems that you're still storing redundant data, just differently—in the form of foreign keys. That's because our tables have only a few fields right now. Try to imagine a table with a dozen fields. Granted, you still have to store that table's primary key as a foreign key value in a related table, but that probably constitutes one or two extra fields at most. Compare that to the alternative of adding all dozen entries in that table for every record.

T5.5 Assume that you are creating a database table to hold the information of the Items in the Super market. Write down the dada type suitable to hold the following information:

a) Item Number - Number

b) Item Description - Text

c) Unit Price - Currency

d) Stock Balance - Number

e) Reorder Level - Number

f) Store Location – Text

T5.6 Name a suitable field as the primary key in the above table and explain why you selected this field for the primary key

By definition, a relational database must contain normalized tables, and to be properly normalized, a table must contain a primary key. Database developers often disagree about whether it’s better to use naturally occurring data or meaningless values as a table’s primary key. Technically, there is no right or wrong to this debate—only very strong opinions. We strongly support the creation of primary keys from meaningless values, which we’ll refer to as surrogate keys. In this article, we discuss the strengths of surrogate keys and the inherent weaknesses of natural keys.

Primary key defined

Before we enter the debate, we define the term primary key. A primary key uniquely identifies each record within a table, but that’s only half the story. The main purpose of a primary key is to relate records to additional data stored in other tables. In this sense, the primary key is a simple pointer between related records in different tables. As such, the primary-key value has no meaning to the user and no association to the data to which it’s assigned.

The developer must apply a few rules when choosing a primary key for each table:

· The primary key must uniquely identify each record.

· A record’s primary-key value can’t be null.

· The primary key-value must exist when the record is created.

· The primary key must remain stable—you can’t change the primary-key field(s).

· The primary key must be compact and contain the fewest possible attributes.

· The primary-key value can’t be changed.

TASK06

T6.1 How do you add a new e-mail account in MS Outlook 2007

This tutorial will guide you through the setup of your email account. You will need the details we provided you to setup your account on Outlook

Startup Microsoft Outlook 2007.(a) If this is the first account you are setting up on outlook a Wizard will startup, click Next.

On the account Configuration Select yes to configure E-mail account then click Next. Go to to step 2

(b) if you already have an account setup and would like to add another e-mail account.

Select Tools on the Menu Bar then Account Settings.

Select New.

Select Microsoft Exchange,POP3, IMAP, or HTTP then click Next

Enter E-mail account details
Type your name: e.g. Joe Blogs
Type your E-mail address: e.g. joe@demo.co.lk
Type your Password: e.g. password
Then retype your password: e.g. password
Then Select Manually Configure Server Settings or additional Server types then click Next

Choose E-mail Service

Select Internet E-mail then click Next

Enter Server Information
Account type: POP3
Incoming Mail Server : Information provided by Datadial
Outgoing Mail Server(SMTP): Information provided by Datadial
User Name: Information provided by Datadial
Password: Information provided by Datadial
Select Remember password then click More settings

Outgoing Server Setup
Select Outgoing Server tab
Select my outgoing Server (SMTP) requires authentication and Use same settings as my incoming server then click OK

Select Test Account Settings and check if everything is completed then select Next

Finish Setup
Select Finish. If you still have an account settings window open you can click close to return to Outlook

Above is Outlook mail

6.2 What are the configuration required for Outlook to manage multiple e-mail accounts

Whenever you launch Microsoft Outlook 2007 for the first time, it will prompt you to configure an email account if not already done. Before we take a look at configuring an account, we will explore different types of email accounts that you can configure.

Microsoft Outlook supports Microsoft Exchange, POP3, IMAP and some HTTP email accounts. To set up your account manually, you need to gather configuration information from your ISP. But for most accounts Microsoft Outlook automatically detects and configures the email account as soon as you enter your email address and password. For Microsoft Exchange users Outlook automatically identifies your network credentials.

What is a profile?

A profile consists of accounts, settings and data files that contain information about your emails. A profile is created for you when you run Microsoft Outlook 2007 for the first time and the same profile runs every time you start Outlook. Though you can create multiple profiles and choose which profile you want to logon with. This is a handy feature, when you need to access multiple email accounts or when many users use the same computer. We will see how to create multiple profiles later in this article.

You can also add multiple email accounts to one Outlook profile. For instance you can configure an Exchange account, an HTTP account and so on. Though there is no limit on how many email accounts a profile can contain, any single profile can contain only one Microsoft Exchange account.

I. To add an account to Outlook for the first time.

1. Start > Microsoft Outlook 2007 or double click on the shortcut installed on your desktop.

2. When you run Microsoft Outlook 2007 for the first time, Outlook will display a Welcome screen. The Startup wizard will let you configure an e-mail account.

3. Click Next to move to the ‘Add New E-mail Account’ window.

4. Enter your Name, E-mail address (along with the domain name) Password and Retype Password. Check the box for ‘Manually configure server settings or additional server types’ if you would like to configure your e-mail account manually. Else click on Next.

NOTE: Next button will be activated only when you fill in the account information.

5. Microsoft Outlook 2007 will then automatically configure e-mail server settings.

6. When you get a message that says your e-mail account is successfully configured (shown above), click on Finish to launch Microsoft Outlook 2007. Outlook will take a couple of minutes to update all your e-mails. If not automatically done, click on the Send/Receive button on the ribbon or go to Tools > Send/Receive > Send/Receive All.

NOTE: If Outlook is unable to configure your account automatically, click on Back and choose to configure it manually.

7. Your account is now completely set up.

II. To add another account to a new profile.

1. Close your Outlook session.

2. Open Control Panel, double click on Mail. The Mail icon in the control panel will only be active if you have installed Microsoft Outlook and have accessed it at least once.

3. Click on ‘Show Profiles’.

4. In the Mail window, click Add.

5. You would then be prompted with the ‘New Profile’ dialog box shown below.

6. Then follow step 3 onwards given under topic ‘I. To add an account to Outlook for the first time.’

NOTE: You can follow these steps to create multiple profiles in Microsoft Outlook 2007

III. To add an account to currently open profile

1. Go to Tools > Account Settings.

2. Click on ‘New’ and Outlook will prompt the ‘Add New E-mail Account’ window.

2. Choose the type of account you want to configure. Then follow step 4 onwards given under topic ‘I. To add an account to Outlook for the first time.’

IV. To add another account to an existing profile.

1. Close Outlook session.

2. Open Control Panel, double click on Mail. The Mail icon in the control panel will only be active if you have installed Microsoft Outlook and have accessed it at least once.

3. Click on ‘Show Profiles’.

4. In the ‘Mail’ dialog box, choose the profile in which you want to add another e-mail account and click on Properties. Outlook will now prompt the ‘Mail Setup’ window as shown below.

5. Click on ‘E-mail Accounts’ to open the ‘Accounts Settings’ window.

6. Choose ’New’ and in the ‘Add E-mail Account window’ choose the type of account you want to configure. Then follow step 4 onwards given under topic ‘I. To add an account to Outlook for the first time.’

T6.3 Write down the steps to search particular subject in email.

1. Use a subject line that matters – If you want your recipient to read your email and take action, then give him a reason to open it. When an email arrives without a subject, it might be considered a virus or otherwise it will almost surely be considered unimportant. Use a pertinent subject line that tells your recipient why you’re writing to him. That way, he can prioritise how he opens his emails and might just open yours sooner rather than later.

2. Stop simply hitting ‘reply’ on old emails – Open up a new email and use a new subject line! Every time you reply to an old email just so you can avoid having to enter the recipient’s email address again, you really just add clutter to their inbox. If you have a fresh topic, then make it clear. The day you ask your recipient to refer back to an email you sent about a particular issue, he’ll have a devil of a time finding the exact email or conversation you’re referring to!

3. Avoid keeping the ‘fwd’ element – You may have a very good reason to forward an email to another person, but considering the saturation level of forwarded junk and joke emails, those three letters – ‘fwd’ – are a trigger for a happy delete button finger. Simply remove the ‘fwd’ from the subject line and let the recipient know what they’re receiving.

4. Remember that subject lines are searchable – We all use our search boxes to locate specific emails we need to revisit. Make it easy for your recipients to search for exactly the email they need and you’ll spare them an awful lot of frustration.

5. Don’t use generic subject lines – A subject line that says ‘hi’ or ‘email’ has no value whatsoever.

6. Use specific information when sending stock standard emails – If an architect uses the words ‘site visit’ in every single email he sends about appointments to various building sites around town, how can anyone ever narrow those emails down to particular sites? Same goes for graphic designers who might use ‘latest revisions’ and retailers who type ‘new product order’. Add a site address, a job type/name or an order number.

7. Keep subject lines short – Anything more than 35 characters could be invisible to your recipient, depending on which email platform he uses.

8. Induce urgency – If your email is genuinely important, say so in the subject line. Some email platforms enable viewing panes or make the first couple of lines visible before opening the email itself. That means we can become complacent about what’s in the email and avoid opening it, thinking it’s nothing new. But using “Open today – date-critical information inside” or “Please read asap” are all it takes to alert the recipient not to overlook the email.

9. Use the tools available – Most email platforms enable you to ‘edit subject line’ before replying to an email you’ve received. It means you can retain the momentum of the conversation but be very specific about the content of your latest reply.

10. Don’t use ‘re’ to say ‘about’ – Everyone knows that ‘re’ means ‘reply’ or ‘response’ but if you start using ‘re’ meaning ‘regarding’, you’ll cause confusion. Your recipient may think they’ve received a reply to an email they didn’t write, accompanied by a subject line that’s completely unfamiliar.

http://www.dynamicbusiness.com.au/small-business-resources/hot-tips/10-steps-to-more-powerful-email-subject-lines-15082012.html

T6.4 How do you create a New Contact and add in group’s list

In Outlook 2007, go to the File menu, select New, and select Distribution List.
A new Distribution List window will open.
Type the name of your distribution list in the Name box.
Click Add Members.
You will be shown your Contacts or your Global Address List. To switch between lists, use the Address Book drop down menu in the tip right corner.
Double click on the name of every contact you want to add to your list and click OK.
To add a someone not in your address book or contact list, click Add New on the ribbon. Fill in the Display Name and Email address fields and click OK.
When you’re finished adding email addresses to your Distribution List/Contact Group, click Save and Close.

TASK07

T7.1 Explain what is user interface design and the summary of principles for user interface design

The “Principles of user interface design” are intended to improve the quality of user interface

design.

Layout - the interface should be a series of areas on the screen that are used consistently for

different purposes.

Content Awareness - the user is always aware of where they are in the system and what

information is being displayed.

Aesthetics - interfaces should look inviting and should be easy to use.

User Experience - experiences users prefer ease of use, while inexperienced users prefer ease of

learning.

Consistency - users can predict what will happen before a function is performed.

Minimize Effort - interface should be simple to use

T7.2 What is the use of sitemap of the web site?

A site map is a visual or textually organized model of a Web site's content that allows the users to navigate through the site to find the information they are looking for, just as a traditional geographical map helps people find places they are looking for in the real world. A site map is a kind of interactive table of contents, in which each listed item links directly to its counterpart sections of the Web site. Site maps perform the same service that the layout maps in large shopping malls perform: without them, it is possible to explore a complex site by trial and error, but if you want to be sure to find what you're looking for, the most efficient way to do that is to consult a model of the resources available. If a Web site is small and uncomplicated, a site map may be unnecessary, just as a layout map may not be required for shoppers to find their way through small shopping malls.

Importance of Sitemaps

There are many SEO tips and tricks that help in optimizing a site but one of those, the importance of which is sometimes underestimated is sitemaps. Sitemaps, as the name implies, are just a map of your site - i.e. on one single page you show the structure of your site, its sections, the links between them, etc. Sitemaps make navigating your site easier and having an updated sitemap on your site is good both for your users and for search engines. Sitemaps are an important way of communication with search engines. While in robots.txt you tell search engines which parts of your site to exclude from indexing, in your site map you tell search engines where you'd like them to go.

Typically, site maps are organized hierarchically, breaking down the Web site's information into increasingly specific subject areas. There are a number of different types of site maps: organizational chart site maps are quite similar in appearance to a traditional table of contents; others, based on a perspective view of the site, are like a three dimensional model with individual pages upright, like index cards, arranged in sections and linked by lines. Structured Graph Format (SGF) site maps use an XML format language to describe Web site content, and a Java SGF viewer to interact with the data. There are a number of companies making site mapping products; generally, these don't require Web design skills - such as HTML or XML ability - on the part of the user. Popular site mapping products include TheBrain's SiteBrain, Inxight Software's Tree Studio, IBM's Java-based Mappuccino, and Dynamic Diagram's eponymous product. Site maps can also be created using more general Web site management tools, such as Visual Web, or Microsoft's Site Analyst.

Why Use a Sitemap

Using sitemaps has many benefits, not only easier navigation and better visibility by search engines. Sitemaps offer the opportunity to inform search engines immediately about any changes on your site. Of course, you cannot expect that search engines will rush right away to index your changed pages but certainly the changes will be indexed faster, compared to when you don't have a sitemap.

Also, when you have a sitemap and submit it to the search engines, you rely less on external links that will bring search engines to your site. Sitemaps can even help with messy internal links - for instance if you by accident have broken internal links or orphaned pages that cannot be reached in other way (though there is no doubt that it is much better to fix your errors than rely on a sitemap).

A good site map does the following:

· Shows a quick, easy-to-follow overview of your site.

· Provides a pathway for the search engine robots to follow.

· Provides text links to every page of your site.

· Quickly shows visitors how to get where they need to go.

· Utilizes important keyword phrases.

Site maps are very important for two main reasons. First, your site map provides food for the search engine spiders that crawl your site. The site map gives the spider links to all the major pages of your site, allowing every page included on your site map to be indexed by the spider. This is a very good thing! Having all of your major pages included in the search engine database makes your site more likely to come up in the search engine results when a user performs a query. Your site map pushes the search engine toward the individual pages of your site instead of making them hunt around for links. A well-planned site map can ensure your Web site is fully indexed by search engines.

T7.3 Use a template to create a webpage using tables to organize the Title, Links, and Context

User Interface Design means the design of computers, software applications, websites etc. with the focus on the user’s interaction and experience. It aims to enhance the visual, technological and usability quantities of an interface. The principals for user interface design are the structure, the visibility, the simplicity, the feedback, the tolerance and the reuse

T7.2 What is the use of sitemap of the web site?

There are two types of sitemaps,

v HTML ( Hyper Text Markup Language – type )

An HTML sitemap is a graphical presentation that displays hierarchically grouped, lists of hyperlinks belonging to all the pages of a website. It's primarily designed for humans.

By adding an HTML sitemap in your website, site visitors can easily navigate through the website. Additionally, a sitemap of this sort helps in - Sitemap based SEO - because it allows search engine spiders to easily find all the hyperlinks to every page on the website thus avoiding - missed pages.

Missed pages simply mean that these pages will not be in the search engine’s index. Therefore these pages never show up for those who use search engines ( like Google, Bing and Yahoo ) to locate appropriate pages for them to visit.

v XML ( eXtensible Markup Language - type).

An XML sitemap, is basically a list of the different URLs of a website but the list is created using very specific syntax ( i.e. XML ) that all search engines spiders are trained to understand with ease.

Using an XML site map for – Sitemap based SEO - accelerates search engine indexing because an XML site map informs search engine spiders about the different URLs of the website in a language they understand.

Most search engine spiders are trained to look for and identify if an XML based site map exists on a website. If it does its accessed and used immediately by the spider.

A search engine’s spider does not have to visit each page of the website and navigate through the links on the page to understand the website’s architecture. The spider only has to locate XML based site map to see and understand the entire website architecture.

Hence a website that uses an XML based site map for – Sitemap based SEO – would be indexed faster and more accurately and would perhaps rank well in search engines because the website has been thoroughly checked

T7.3 Use a template to create a webpage using tables to organize the Title, Links, and Context

<html>

<head>

<h1 align="center"> welcome to IDM</h1>

</head>

<body>

<p> IDM strted to way back in 1981 and currently enjoying more than 100 SBU's islandwide.</p>

<h2> Available English Courses</h2>

<UL>

</UL>

<h2>Available computer courses</h2>

<OL>

</OL>

<tr><td> <colspan=3><font color="white">course fees</font></td></tr>

<tr><td><font color="white">courses code></font></td><td><font color="white">tilte</font></td><td><font color="white">fee</font></td></tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

TASK08

T8.1 Create a page with a 1 row, 3 column table to hold three pictures of graphics

<html>

<body>

<table>

</table>

</body>

</html>

T8.2 List down & briefly explain about some creative things that can be included in web sites

1. An About Page

Artists, designers, and photographers are famous for leaving the explanation up to the observer. But a little bit about you, along with an artist statement, goes a long way in helping viewers and visitors understand your work and feel connected to it, and you.

While you’re at it, make sure to include your full name. Lots of people forget this, particularly if their business name is different from their personal name. Unless you’re working undercover, remember that people want to know who you are.

2. Your Photo

Chances are, you have beautiful images of your work on your site, but you don’t even have one single photo of yourself! We get it. When the lens is turned onto you, you get camera-shy. But when potential clients are meeting you for the first time online, a self-portrait is essential to helping make you seem real, human and personal.

The Graph Paper Press About You Widget is a plugin for WordPress that adds a widget for easily creating an about you section to any widgetized region in your theme. On the widget page, you can add your name, your photo, a brief bio, an email address, a phone number and a web link. The plugin inherits the styling of your theme. Easy peasy.

3. Contact Info

Yes, we have actually seen people leave this out! Your business isn’t much of a business if no one can reach you. List your email and phone number, or if you prefer, link to a contact form. That said, relying solely on contact forms can prove problematic if either the form doesn’t send you a notification or your visitors provide an incorrect email. Either way, don’t make your visitors rely on telepathy to speak to you.

4. Your Location

Location, location, location. The mantra still holds true online, even if you work or sell your work beyond your local city or town. It’s good for visitors and potential clients to know where you work (think time zones, ship times, etc.), and bloggers and reporters often look at where you are located for their stories.

5. Call to Action

We’ve noticed creatives are shy about getting people to do anything but enjoy their work. And if that’s your goal, by all means, keep at it! But if you also want to make a living, think about leading your visitors to whatever action you want potential customers to take. Add a “Buy” or “Purchase” page and button, or simply an “Inquire to Buy” link that leads to your contact information.

To quickly add a call to action, use the Graph Paper Press Shortcodes plugin, which gives you the ability to add a button element to your site. Just wrap the text you want to use (your call to action) in the shortcode [button]. See an example near the end of this page.

6. Social Buttons

If you have an active Facebook, Twitter, or other social accounts, make sure not to forget links to your pages and profiles on your site (just make sure the accounts you link to are updated regularly!). Let your visitors and clients interact with you where they feel most comfortable.

Want to make it easy for your readers to share your blog posts on Twitter and Facebook? Follow this tutorial to add social media sharing buttons to your posts.

You can also add the our Base Hook Widgets plugin to easily add social icons to whatever area you prefer on your site: before the header, in the header, after the header, before the title, after the title, before the sidebar, after the sidebar, before the footer, after the footer… well, you get the idea.

7. Email Collector

You get one shot at keeping people’s attention when they visit your site. Once visitors leave, they likely won’t come back, even if they have the best of intentions. Capture their interest with an opt-in sign-up email form, and email your list on a consistent and regular basis (no need to stress about it – once a month should be plenty). Incentivize sign-ups with promotions, deals, sneak peeks and/or an insider’s look at your work.

Email marketing services that integrate with WordPress include MailChimp (starts at Free),Campaign Monitor ($15 a month for small lists), and Constant Contact ($15 a month for small lists). We’ve personally used both MailChimp and Campaign Monitor and both are great options.

8. An Unsubscribe Link

You hate spam, right? So do your fans. Before you get too excited about emailing customers and potential clients, remember that you should never, ever send unsolicited email. Don’t add emails to your list unless visitors have added themselves, or people you know have explicitly given you permission. And make sure to add an unsubscribe link in case people change their minds. It’s the law, not to mention you only want to be emailing individuals who are truly inspired by your work.

9. Testimonials

If people say nice things about you, other people should know. Testimonials add social proof and help increase sales of your services and work. After all, what others say about you is 10X more powerful and persuasive than what you say about yourself. Consider integrating testimonials into key areas all around your site.

10. Your Personality

Okay, this one is a bit tougher than all the rest, but is obviously the most essential. Your site is your personal space on the web – you own it. Don’t be afraid to make your mark. Don’t copy what everyone else is doing. Do you.

T8.3 List down & briefly explain what things that has to be avoided when designing web pages

1. The user must know what the site is about in seconds: attention is one the most valuable currencies on the Internet. If a visitor can not figure what your site is about in a couple of seconds, he will probably just go somewhere else. Your site must communicate why I should spend my time there, and FAST!

2. Make the content scannable: this is the Internet, not a book, so forget large blocks of text. Probably I will be visiting your site while I work on other stuff so make sure that I can scan through the entire content. Bullet points, headers, subheaders, lists. Anything that will help the reader filter what he is looking for.

3. Do not use fancy fonts that are unreadable: sure there are some fonts that will give a sophisticated look to your website. But are they readable? If your main objective is to deliver a message and get the visitors reading your stuff, then you should make the process comfortable for them.

4. Do not use tiny fonts: the previous point applies here, you want to make sure that readers are comfortable reading your content. My Firefox does have a zooming feature, but if I need to use on your website it will probably be the last time I visit it.

5. Do not open new browser windows: I used to do that on my first websites. The logic was simple, if I open new browser windows for external links the user will never leave my site. WRONG! Let the user control where he wants the links to open. There is a reason why browsers have a huge “Back” button. Do not worry about sending the visitor to another website, he will get back if he wants to (even porn sites are starting to get conscious regarding this point lately…).

6. Do not resize the user’s browser windows: the user should be in control of his browser. If you resize it you will risk to mess things up on his side, and what is worse you might lose your credibility in front of him.

7. Do not require a registration unless it is necessary: lets put this straight, when I browse around the Internet I want to get information, not the other way around. Do not force me to register up and leave my email address and other details unless it is absolutely necessary (i.e. unless what you offer is so good that I will bear with the registration).

8. Never subscribe the visitor for something without his consent: do not automatically subscribe a visitor to newsletters when he registers up on your site. Sending unsolicited emails around is not the best way to make friends.

9. Do not overuse Flash: apart from increasing the load time of your website, excessive usage of Flash might also annoy the visitors. Use it only if you must offer features that are not supported by static pages.

10. Do not play music: on the early years of the Internet web developers always tried to successfully integrate music into websites. Guess what, they failed miserably. Do not use music, period.

11. If you MUST play an audio file let the user start it: some situations might require an audio file. You might need to deliver a speech to the user or your guided tour might have an audio component. That is fine. Just make sure that the user is in control, let him push the “Play” button as opposed to jamming the music on his face right after he enters the website.

12. Do not clutter your website with badges: first of all, badges of networks and communities make a site look very unprofessional. Even if we are talking about awards and recognition badges you should place them on the “About Us” page.

13. Do not use a homepage that just launches the “real” website: the smaller the number of steps required for the user to access your content, the better.

14. Make sure to include contact details: there is nothing worse than a website that has no contact details. This is not bad only for the visitors, but also for yourself. You might lose important feedback along the way.

15. Do not break the “Back” button: this is a very basic principle of usability. Do not break the “Back” button under any circumstance. Opening new browser windows will break it, for instance, and some Javascript links might also break them.

16. Do not use blinking text: unless your visitors are coming straight from 1996, that is.

17. Avoid complex URL structures: a simple, keyword-based URL structure will not only improve your search engine rankings, but it will also make it easier for the reader to identify the content of your pages before visiting them.

18. Use CSS over HTML tables: HTML tables were used to create page layouts. With the advent of CSS, however, there is no reason to stick to them. CSS is faster, more reliable and it offers many more features.

19. Make sure users can search the whole website: there is a reason why search engines revolutionized the Internet. You probably guessed it, because they make it very easy to find the information we are looking for. Do not neglect this on your site.

20. Avoid “drop down” menus: the user should be able to see all the navigation options straight way. Using “drop down” menus might confuse things and hide the information the reader was actually looking for.

21. Use text navigation: text navigation is not only faster but it is also more reliable. Some users, for instance, browse the Internet with images turned off.

22. If you are linking to PDF files disclose it: ever clicked on a link only to see your browser freezing while Acrobat Reader launches to open that (unrequested) PDF file? That is pretty annoying so make sure to explicit links pointing to PDF files so that users can handle them properly.

23. Do not confuse the visitor with many versions: avoid confusing the visitor with too many versions of your website. What bandwidth do I prefer? 56Kbps? 128Kbps? Flash or HTML? Man, just give me the content!

24. Do not blend advertising inside the content: blending advertising like Adsense units inside your content might increase your click-through rate on the short term. Over the long run, however, this will reduce your readership base. An annoyed visitor is a lost visitor.

25. Use a simple navigation structure: sometimes less is more. This rule usually applies to people and choices. Make sure that your website has a single, clear navigation structure. The last thing you want is to confuse the reader regarding where he should go to find the information he is looking for.

26. Avoid “intros”: do not force the user to watch or read something before he can access to the real content. This is plain annoying, and he will stay only if what you have to offer is really unique.

27. Do not use FrontPage: this point extends to other cheap HTML editors. While they appear to make web design easier, the output will be a poorly crafted code, incompatible with different browsers and with several bugs.

28. Make sure your website is cross-browser compatible: not all browsers are created equal, and not all of them interpret CSS and other languages on the same way. Like it or not, you will need to make your website compatible with the most used browsers on the market, else you will lose readers over the long term.

29. Make sure to include anchor text on links: I confess I used to do that mistake until some time ago. It is easier to tell people to “click here”. But this is not efficient. Make sure to include a relevant anchor text on your links. It will ensure that the reader knows where he is going to if he clicks the link, and it will also create SEO benefits for the external site where the link is pointing.

30. Do not cloak links: apart from having a clear anchor text, the user must also be able to see where the link is pointing on the status bar of his browser. If you cloak your links (either because they are affiliate ones or due to other reasons) your site will lose credibility.

31. Make links visible: the visitor should be able to recognize what is clickable and what is not, easily. Make sure that your links have a contrasting color (the standard blue color is the optimal most of the times). Possibly also make them underlined.

32. Do not underline or color normal text: do not underline normal text unless absolutely necessary. Just as users need to recognize links easily, they should not get the idea that something is clickable when in reality it is not.

33. Make clicked links change color: this point is very important for the usability of your website. Clicked links that change color help the user to locate himself more easily around your site, making sure that he will not end up visiting the same pages unintentionally.

34. Do not use animated GIFs: unless you have advertising banners that require animation, avoid animated GIFs. They make a site look unprofessional and detract the attention from the content.

35. Make sure to use the ALT and TITLE attributes for images: apart from having SEO benefits the ALT and TITLE attributes for images will play an important role for blind users.

36. Do not use harsh colors: if the user is getting a headache after visiting your site for 10 consecutive minutes, you probably should pick a better color scheme. Design the color palette around your objectives (i.e. deliver a mood, let the user focus on the content, etc.).

37. Do not use pop ups: this point refers to pop ups of any kind. Even user requested pop ups are a bad idea given the increasing amount of pop blockers out there.

38. Avoid Javascript links: those links execute a small Javascript when the user clicks on them. Stay away from them since they often create problems for the user.

39. Include functional links on your footer: people are used to scrolling down to the footer of a website if they are not finding a specific information. At the very least you want to include a link to the Homepage and possibly a link to the “Contact Us” page.

40. Avoid long pages: guess what, if the user needs to scroll down forever in order to read your content he will probably just skip it altogether. If that is the case with your website make it shorter and improve the navigation structure.

41. No horizontal scrolling: while some vertical scrolling is tolerable, the same can not be said about horizontal scrolling. The most used screen resolution nowadays is 1024 x 768 pixels, so make sure that your website fits inside it.

42. No spelling or grammatical mistakes: this is not a web design mistake, but it is one of the most important factors affecting the overall quality of a website. Make sure that your links and texts do not contain spelling or grammatical mistakes.

43. If you use CAPTCHA make sure the letters are readable: several sites use CAPTCHA filters as a method of reducing spam on comments or on registration forms. There is just one problem with it, most of the times the user needs to call his whole family to decipher the letters.

http://www.webdesignexperts.com.au/17-Website-Design-Mistakes-to-Avoid#ixzz390aFZOAc

T8.4 There are many things that need to be taken into account before you begin to create html documents. List some of those with brief introductions.

These tutorials are set up so you can move through them over a week's time. One tutorial per day. However, if you can go faster, do it! Some have told me that they finished the primers in a day. Good luck.

1: Introduction This is a basic introduction to HTML and covers what you will need to know to begin writing. If you are reading this, you probably have what you need.

2: tags

This tutorial introduces you to the placing of HTML tags so you can begin to manipulate text.

3: Manipulating Text

Learn how to use tags to make text bigger, smaller, or act as a header for your WWW pages.

4: Linking Pages

This is the hallmark of HTML. Learn how to make a link from your page to any other page on the World Wide Web.

5: Images

Learn how to place images on your page, get text to wrap around them, and how to use them as links to other pages.

6: Manipulating Images

Here you'll be shown how to make images bigger or smaller using HTML commands.

7: You've graduated!

Here you'll get your diploma, along with some hints on choosing an Internet Service Provider and choosing an HTML Assistant, if you care to use one.

End of eassighment

TechTrek: Exploring Computer World

Sunday, October 12, 2014

End User Application -My Assighment

What are the advantages of PowerPoint over the other presentation methods?

What are the configuration required for Outlook to manage multiple e-mail accounts

What is the use of sitemap of the web site?

List down & briefly explain about some creative things that can be included in web sites